[[Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Mixtures]]
### For one component
![[lever rule.jpg|lg]]
V<sub>T</sub> = x<sub>L</sub>V<sub>L</sub> + x<sub>v</sub>V<sub>v</sub>
![[lever rule volume.jpg]]
[[Internal Energy (U) of a system is its total energy content|U]]<sub>T</sub> = U<sub>L</sub>x<sub>L</sub> + U<sub>v</sub>x<sub>v</sub>
[[Enthalpy (H) is the heat energy of a system|H]]<sub>T</sub> = H<sub>L</sub>x<sub>L</sub> + H<sub>v</sub>x<sub>v</sub>
Use the lever rule to calculate mole fraction, specific volumes of liquid and vapor in a saturated solution
For steam, get the individual properties from [[Steam Properties|steam tables]]
### For a mixture
[[Thermodynamic properties of mixtures]]
![[000 Publish/attachments/lever rule mixtures.jpg]]
The liquid ($L$) and vapor ($V$) fractions of a mixture can easily be calculated from one component’s mole fraction overall ($z_1$) and in the liquid ($x_1$) and vapor ($y_1$) phases:
$L = \frac{y-z}{y-x} \qquad V= \frac{z-x}{y-x}$
![[lever rule mixtures 2.jpg]]
This is derived from the combination of mole balances for individual components and mole balances for vapor/liquid phase.
![[lever rule mass balances.jpg]]